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Hypertelorism is an abnormally increased distance between two eyes.
Usually it is used to refer to widely spaced eyes in a variety of syndromes
Abnormal increase in thé inter orbital distance is not a disease
but outcome of some underlying disease, It occours due to overdevelopment
of the lesser wings of the sphenoid , ethmoidal air cells or a tumor or
brain or brain fluid[CSF] coming out or occupying the space between two
eyes leading to increase in the inter orbital distance. Normal interorbital
distance at birth is 18mm, and in adults it usually 24 -26mm. Depending
upon the distance between two eyes it is classifeied as mild moderate or
severe.
Mild 30 to 35 mm
Moderate 36 to 40 mm
Severe more than 40 mm
Usuel causes of hypertelorism are :
1.Basal or nasofrontal or naso-orbital encephalocele.
2. Craniosynostosis
3.Rare craniofacial clefts[ central ]
Tumors of sphenoid and ethmoid
Commonly hypertelorism is bilateral but some times it can be unilateral [displacing one eye only]
It occours usually in tumors, naso-orbital encephalocele or unilateral craniofacial clefts.
Treatment :
Treatment of hypertelorism can divided into two parts.
1 Treatment of the underlying pathology or disease.
2 Corrections of displaced orbites
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